Britain on Friday ends almost half a century of integration with Europe, finally making its historic departure from the EU to begin a new — but still uncertain — future, with emotions running high following years of wrangling and several false starts.
As the clocks strike 11:00pm (2300 GMT) in Britain, the bloc’s often reluctant member becomes the first to leave an organisation set up to forge unity among nations after the horrors of World War II.
The country’s departure has exposed deep divisions in British society — and soul-searching in Brussels about the impact of the loss of 66 million people, a global diplomatic big-hitter and the clout of the City of London financial centre.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson was a figurehead in the 2016 referendum vote to end 47 years of increasingly close ties between the British and more than 500 million of their nearest neighbours.
He has promised to unite the island nation in a new era of prosperity, forging new links further from home.
“This is not an end but a beginning. This is the moment when the dawn breaks and the curtain goes up on a new act,” he said.
A ‘sea change’
EU institutions began removing Union flags in Brussels on Friday in preparation for a divorce that German Chancellor Angela Merkel has called it a “sea-change” for the bloc, while French President Emmanuel Macron described it as a “historic warning sign” that should force Europe to stop and reflect.
Britain’s departure was sealed at an emotional EU parliament hearing this week that ended with MEPs singing a chorus of “Auld Lang Syne”, a traditional Scottish song of farewell.
Although almost nothing will change immediately due to an 11-month transition period negotiated as part of an EU-UK exit deal ratified this week.
Britons will be able to work in and trade freely with EU nations until December 31, and vice versa, although the UK will no longer be represented in the bloc’s institutions.
But legally, Britain is out.
And while the exit terms have been agreed, Britain must still strike a deal on future relations with the EU, its largest trading partner.
Both will set out their negotiating positions Monday.
“We want to have the best possible relationship with the United Kingdom, but it will never be as good as membership,” European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen said in Brussels.
Years of tumult
Getting this far has been a traumatic process.
Despite Britain’s resistance to many EU projects over the years — it refused to join the single currency or the Schengen open travel area — the 2016 vote to leave was a huge shock.
It unleashed political chaos in London, sparking years of bitter arguments that paralysed parliament and forced the resignations of prime ministers David Cameron and Theresa May.
In the debate about why Britain voted to leave, some said voters saw the distant EU as a convenient scapegoat to punish the government in London, which backed staying in, for years of cuts and austerity that left many worse off.
Johnson brought an end to the turmoil with last month’s decisive snap general election victory and parliamentary majority to ratify his revised Brexit deal.
But Britons remain as divided as they were nearly four years ago, when 52 percent voted to leave and 48 percent voted to remain in the EU.
In Scotland, where a majority in 2016 backed Britain remaining in the bloc, First Minister Nicola Sturgeon called it a moment of “sadness… tinged with anger”.
